强化学习和最近的深度增强学习是解决如Markov决策过程建模的顺序决策问题的流行方法。问题和选择算法和超参数的RL建模需要仔细考虑，因为不同的配置可能需要完全不同的性能。这些考虑因素主要是RL专家的任务;然而，RL在研究人员和系统设计师不是RL专家的其他领域中逐渐变得流行。此外，许多建模决策，例如定义状态和动作空间，批次的大小和批量更新的频率以及时间戳的数量通常是手动进行的。由于这些原因，RL框架的自动化不同组成部分具有重要意义，近年来它引起了很多关注。自动RL提供了一个框架，其中RL的不同组件包括MDP建模，算法选择和超参数优化是自动建模和定义的。在本文中，我们探讨了可以在自动化RL中使用的文献和目前的工作。此外，我们讨论了Autorl中的挑战，打开问题和研究方向。

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.